Peony

牡丹花

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The peony is traditionally considered the most prestigious flower in China. It is symbolic for power, royalty, wealth, and high rank. The ancient town Luoyang 洛阳 was famous for rare and beautiful varieties of peonies. The nickname of peony in Chinese is called ‘fu gui hua 富贵花’, literally meaning the flower of wealth and prestige.

Related Motif:

two-horned peony blossom 双犄牡丹

Related Pun Pictures:

May your wealth and privilege expectable 富贵有期

You may become rich by receiving good education 读书出富贵

Acknowledgement:

Fig 1: vase from Cizhou kiln, 12^th century, courtesy of the ATAKA Collection, the Museum of Oriental Ceramics, Osaka, photograph by MUDA Tomohiro

Fig 2: porcelain dish, Song dynasty (960–1279), courtesy of the Art Institute of Chicago

Fig 3-4: bottle with peony scroll, Yuan dynasty (1271–1368), courtesy of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY

Fig 5-6: porcelain bowls, Hongwu period (1368–98), Ming dynasty, courtesy of the National Palace Museum, Taipei

Fig 7: porcelain vase, Yongle period (1403–25), Ming dynasty, courtesy of the National Palace Museum, Taipei

Fig 8: porcelain dish, Xuande period (1426–35), Ming dynasty, courtesy of the ATAKA Collection, the Museum of Oriental Ceramics, Osaka, photograph by MUDA Tomohiro

Fig 9: porcelain vase, 17^th century, courtesy of Cantor Arts Center, Stanford University

Fig 10: porcelain bowl with enamelled decoration, Kangxi period (1662–1722), Qing dynasty, courtesy of the National Palace Museum, Taipei

Fig 11: porcelain dish with enamelled decoration, Yongzheng period (1723–35), Qing dynasty, courtesy of the National Palace Museum, Taipei

Fig 12: porcelain vase, Yongzheng period (1723–35), Qing dynasty, courtesy of Tokyo National Museum

Fig 13: square copper pot with enamelled decoration, Qianlong period (1736–95), Qing dynasty, courtesy of the National Palace Museum, Taipei

Fig 14: porcelain jar, Qianlong period (1736–95), Qing dynasty, courtesy of the Art Institute of Chicago

Fig 15: porcelain square basin, Guangxu period (1875–1908), Qing dynasty, courtesy of the National Palace Museum, Taipei